Pakistan
Secure Materials
Protect Facilities
Score Details and Comparisons for Pakistan
You can explore detailed results for Pakistan across the following models.
Improvement Scenarios for Pakistan
Use the scenarios below to see how your country's NTI Index score can improve by taking specific actions. Within each scenario, the actions your country is already taking are indicated by checked boxes. Taking the actions with unchecked boxes will increase your country's overall score by the amount shown. A scenario with a check mark means your country already receives a full score for that area.
Pakistan improved its score by 7 points and is the most improved country with weapons-usable nuclear materials. Its Security and Control Measures score increased by 25 points due to actions to strengthen its regulations. It also increased its score in Global Norms by 1 point because it subscribed to a nuclear security INFCIRC. Pakistan scores high (67-100) in Domestic Commitments and Capacity, medium (34-66) in both Security and Control Measures and Global Norms, and low (0-33) in Quantities and Sites, owing to its continued increases in quantities of weapons-usable nuclear materials, and low in Risk Environment. Key steps to fill gaps include: (1) Requiring more stringent control and accounting measures, (2) Strengthening regulations on insider threat prevention, (3) Requiring security culture assessments, (4) Ratifying the International Convention for the Suppression of Nuclear Terrorism, (5) Taking voluntary actions to support the IAEA, such as contributing to the Nuclear Security Fund and participating at the IAEA International Conference on Nuclear Security at the ministerial level, as in prior years, (6) Building confidence by making regular declarations of quantities of both civilian and military nuclear materials and hosting regular nuclear security peer reviews, including International Physical Protection Advisory Service missions, (7) Subscribing to INFCIRC/869, (8) Submitting information to the IAEA as required by article 14.1 of the amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Strengthen Insider Threat Prevention
Increase your score by requiring the following comprehensive insider threat prevention measures to reduce vulnerabilities posed by authorized personnel:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
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Require security and other personnel with access to nuclear material areas to be subject to drug testing, background checks, and psychological or mental fitness checks.
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Require personnel vetting to occur at frequent intervals, ideally at periods of two years or less.
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Require personnel to report suspicious behavior to an official authority.
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Require constant surveillance of inner areas using two-person surveillance and a technological surveillance system.
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Require a nuclear-specific insider threat awareness program for all personnel involved in the operation and management of nuclear facilities.
Strengthen Cybersecurity
Increase your score by prioritizing actions to strengthen cybersecurity a nuclear facilities to prepare for, protect against, and respond to cyber threats and by requiring the following measures:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Require nuclear facilities to have protection from a cyber attack.
-
Require nuclear facilities to protect sensitive digital assets that impact safety, security, emergency preparedness functions, and their support systems from cyber attack.
-
Consider cyber threats in the national threat assessment or Design Basis Threat.
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Require nuclear facilities to perform tests and assessments of cybersecurity.
-
Require nuclear facilities to have a cyber-incident response plan in place to respond to cyber attacks.
-
Require licensees or operators to have a cybersecurity awareness program that reaches all personnel with access to digital systems.
Strengthen Security Culture
Increase your score by taking the following steps to strengthen security culture:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
In regulations or annual reports, recognize security culture as a concept that is separate and distinct from safety culture.
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Require nuclear licensees and operators to conduct security culture assessments.
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Require licensees or operators to define individuals responsible for at least one aspect of nuclear security who undergo additional training and/or certification.
Support Global Norms through Voluntary Actions
Increase your score by supporting, contributing to, or participating in at least six of the following global nuclear security initiatives to help bolster the global nuclear security architecture. Six or more of these actions will result in a full score for this indicator.
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Become a member of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism.
-
Become a member of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction.
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Provide financial or in-kind contributions to the World Institute for Nuclear Security (at least every two years).
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Provide financial or in-kind contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund (at least every two years).
-
Provide or receive bilateral/multilateral nuclear security assistance (at least every two years).
-
Open a Center of Excellence or Nuclear Security Support Center to offer nuclear security training.
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Participate in the latest IAEA International Conference on Nuclear Security at the ministerial level.
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Participate in the IAEA Incident and Trafficking Database.
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Participate in the Nuclear Security Guidance Committee.
Build Confidence in Nuclear Security
Increase your score by taking the following steps to build confidence in the effectiveness of your nuclear security:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Publicly release nuclear security regulations.
-
Publish annual nuclear security reports.
-
Make regular public declarations of nuclear security progress in conjunction with an international, multilateral, or regional conference on nuclear security about recent actions to strengthen domestic nuclear security or to strengthen the global nuclear security architecture.
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Make regular public declarations and reports about civilian nuclear material stocks.
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Make public declarations and reports about military nuclear material stocks.
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Host an IAEA or bilateral/multilateral peer review of your security arrangements (excluding IPPAS missions) every five years.
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Host an IAEA International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) mission every five years and publish summaries of the results of the mission.
Subscribe to Nuclear Security INFCIRCs
Increase your score by subscribing to nuclear security INFCIRCs, which demonstrates commitment to nuclear security and helps to raise nuclear standards globally:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Subscribe to INFCIRC/869 on strengthening nuclear security implementation.
-
Subscribe to at least three of the nine other nuclear security INFCIRCs (899, 901, 904, 905, 908, 909, 912, 917 and 918).
Pakistan improved its score by 5 points. Its score increased due to actions to strengthen its regulations, which boosted its score in Security and Control Measures by 15 points. Pakistan scores high (67-100) in Domestic Commitments and Capacity and medium (34-66) in both Security and Control Measures and Global Norms. It scores low (0-33) in Risk Environment. Key steps to fill gaps include: (1) Strengthening regulations on insider threat prevention, (2) Requiring security culture assessments, (3) Ratifying the International Convention for the Suppression of Nuclear Terrorism, (4) Taking voluntary actions to support the IAEA, such as contributing to the Nuclear Security Fund and participating at the IAEA International Conference on Nuclear Security at the ministerial level, as in prior years, (5) Building confidence by hosting regular nuclear security peer reviews, including International Physical Protection Advisory Service missions. (6) Subscribing to INFCIRC/869, (7) Submitting information to the IAEA as required by article 14.1 of the amended Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Material
Strengthen Insider Threat Prevention
Increase your score by requiring the following comprehensive insider threat prevention measures to reduce vulnerabilities posed by authorized personnel:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Require security and other personnel with access to nuclear material areas to be subject to drug testing, background checks, and psychological or mental fitness checks.
-
Require personnel vetting to occur at frequent intervals, ideally at periods of two years or less.
-
Require personnel to report suspicious behavior to an official authority.
-
Require constant surveillance of inner areas using two-person surveillance and a technological surveillance system.
-
Require a nuclear-specific insider threat awareness program for all personnel involved in the operation and management of nuclear facilities.
Strengthen Cybersecurity
Increase your score by prioritizing actions to strengthen cybersecurity a nuclear facilities to prepare for, protect against, and respond to cyber threats and by requiring the following measures:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Require nuclear facilities to have protection from a cyber attack.
-
Require nuclear facilities to protect sensitive digital assets that impact safety, security, emergency preparedness functions, and their support systems from cyber attack.
-
Consider cyber threats in the national threat assessment or Design Basis Threat.
-
Require nuclear facilities to perform tests and assessments of cybersecurity.
-
Require nuclear facilities to have a cyber-incident response plan in place to respond to cyber attacks.
-
Require licensees or operators to have a cybersecurity awareness program that reaches all personnel with access to digital systems.
Strengthen Security Culture
Increase your score by taking the following steps to strengthen security culture:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
In regulations or annual reports, recognize security culture as a concept that is separate and distinct from safety culture.
-
Require nuclear licensees and operators to conduct security culture assessments.
-
Require licensees or operators to define individuals responsible for at least one aspect of nuclear security who undergo additional training and/or certification.
Ratify Treaties to Bolster the Global Architecture
Increase your score by taking actions to close gaps in the global nuclear security architecture by ratifying the following key nuclear security treaties:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
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The Convention on the Physical Protection of Nuclear Materials (CPPNM).
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The 2005 Amendment to the CPPNM.
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The International Convention for the Suppression of Acts of Nuclear Terrorist (ICSANT).
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The Convention on Nuclear Safety.
Support Global Norms through Voluntary Actions
Increase your score by supporting, contributing to, or participating in at least six of the following global nuclear security initiatives to help bolster the global nuclear security architecture. Six or more of these actions will result in a full score for this indicator.
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Become a member of the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism.
-
Become a member of the Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction.
-
Provide financial or in-kind contributions to the World Institute for Nuclear Security (at least every two years).
-
Provide financial or in-kind contributions to the IAEA Nuclear Security Fund (at least every two years).
-
Provide or receive bilateral/multilateral nuclear security assistance (at least every two years).
-
Open a Center of Excellence or Nuclear Security Support Center to offer nuclear security training.
-
Participate in the latest IAEA International Conference on Nuclear Security at the ministerial level.
-
Participate in the IAEA Incident and Trafficking Database.
-
Participate in the Nuclear Security Guidance Committee.
Build Confidence in Nuclear Security
Increase your score by taking the following steps to build confidence in the effectiveness of your nuclear security:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Publicly release nuclear security regulations.
-
Publish annual nuclear security reports.
-
Make regular public declarations of nuclear security progress in conjunction with an international, multilateral, or regional conference on nuclear security about recent actions to strengthen domestic nuclear security or to strengthen the global nuclear security architecture.
-
Host an IAEA or bilateral/multilateral peer review of your security arrangements (excluding IPPAS missions) every five years.
-
Host an IAEA International Physical Protection Advisory Service (IPPAS) mission every five years and publish summaries of the results of the mission.
Subscribe to Nuclear Security INFCIRCs
Increase your score by subscribing to nuclear security INFCIRCs, which demonstrates commitment to nuclear security and helps to raise nuclear standards globally:
Full adoption would mean changing these sub-indicators:
-
Subscribe to INFCIRC/869 on strengthening nuclear security implementation.
-
Subscribe to at least three of the nine other nuclear security INFCIRCs (899, 901, 904, 905, 908, 909, 912, 917 and 918).
